THE ELEMENTS SO/TOO
MULTIPLE MEANINGS: TAMBIÉN, MUY, DEMASIADO, ASÍ QUE, ENTRE OTROS.
LOOK AT THE NEXT EXAMPLE:
JOHN IS TALL. (JUAN ESTÁ ALTO)
JOHN IS SO TALL (JUAN ES TAN ALTO)
JOHN IS TOO TALL. (JUAN ESTÁ DEMASIADO ALTO)
LET'S ANALYZE THIS:
John is so tall.
So is used before an adjective for emphasis (to make the statement stronger). Let’s compare these sentences:
so + adjective
- The soup is hot.
- The soup is so hot.
The second sentence is stronger. Here, so has a similar meaning to ‘very‘ (but it is a little stronger). The same is true of sentences with ‘so many/much’ + a noun. For example:
so many/much + noun
- He has many friends.
- He has so many friends.
So in the second sentence is an intensifier and is used for emphasis, making the sentence a little bit stronger. When so many or so much are used before a noun, it means a lot. If you have a lot of money, then you have so much money.
(Remember: many is used before plural countable nouns (e.g. friends, people); much is used before uncountable nouns (e.g. money, wine).)
Note: So cannot be used before a noun. For example, we cannot say ‘He is so nice man’. Instead, we use such (He is such a nice man). For a review of this grammar, please visit this page on the difference between so and such.
John is too tall.
Too is used for emphasis also, but it means ‘more than needed’ or ‘more than enough.’ It is used to show that something is bad (negative) or that something is over the desired limit. Take a look at these ideas:
- John is so tall. He plays basketball well. (His tallness is not a bad thing)
- John is too tall. He cannot sit comfortably on an airplane. (His tallness is a bad thing)
The second sentence means that he is very tall and that is a bad thing. His height is over the limit. He is 2 meters tall. Therefore he cannot fit on an airplane. John is too tall.
Let’s look at more examples.
- You work so hard. I wish everyone worked like you. :)
- You work too hard. You should take a break. :(
Again, the second sentence is a negative comment. You are saying that the person works more than enough and should work less.
Because too describes something bad (negative), the below sentences do not make sense.
This is too delicious!= This is so delicious.I am too happy! = I am so happyShe is too beautiful!= She is so beautiful.
These sentences all describe good (positive) things, so we do not use too.
Note: Too is often used in the structure too + adjective/adverb + infinitive
- The pizza is too hot to eat. = (The pizza is too hot. I cannot eat it)
- You are too young to watch that movie. = (You are not old enough)
- I was too tired to do my homework. ( = I didn’t do it. My tiredness was ‘over the limit’, so I slept).
- She ran too slowly to win the race. (= Her speed was too slow; she could not win)
- She speaks too poorly to get a job. (= Her writing is not good enough; she cannot get a job)
Again, in all these sentences, too means over the limit or more than a desired quantity/level.
Do you think you understand? Take the So/Too Quiz!
1. This cake is delicious. I want another piece!
2. There were many people in the train, so I couldn’t get on.
3. When I was a child, I had much free time. I loved it.
4. The salaries at that company are high. I want to work there!
5. Roger thinks that he’s old to go to nightclubs. He says that he’d rather stay home and watch TV.
6. You put much salt in the soup. It tastes terrible.
7. You are beautiful.
ON THE OTHER HAND, ANOTHER USE OF SO/TOO IS WHEN YOU WANT TO SHARE THE SAME HABITS OR ACTIONS IN ANY TENSE, THESE ELEMENTS WORKS AS THE SIMILAR FRM IN SPANISH FOR "TAMBIÉN".
LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE
- LAURA HAS MANY NIECES AND TOMY DOES TOO
- LAURA HAS MANY NIECES AND SO DOES TOMY
- LAURA TIENE MUCHAS SOBRINAS Y TOMY TAMBIEN .
AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE PREVIOUS EMAMPLES:
A) BOTH ELEMENTS MEAN THE SAME.
B)THE ORDER IN THE SECOND PART OF THE SENTENCE IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT AFTER THE CONNECTOR "AND"
C) IN THE SECOND PART, THE ABSORTION OF THE INFORMATION IS MADE THROUGH THE AUXILIARY THAT BELONGS TO THE MAIN IDEA. THAT MEANS THAT IF YOUR MAIN IDEA IS WRITTEN IN PAST , YOUR AUXILIARY WILL BE "DID" , AS ALWAYS, WE ARE WORKING THROUGH AUXILIARIES.
LET'S SEE EANOTHER EXAMPLE:
- MY FRIENDS WENT TO A PCNIC LAST SATURDAY MORNING AND I DID TOO
- MY FRIENDS WENT TO A ICNIC LAST SATURDAY MORNING AND SO DID I.
- MIS AMIGOS FUERON A UN DIA DE CAMPO EL SABADO PASADO EN LA MAÑANA Y YO TAMBIÉN.
CAN YOU SEE THE USE OF THE AUXILIARIES IN THE SECOND PART?
CHECK THE NEXT GRAMMAR SECUENCE:
→→→→→→→→→→→→→→→→→ AND + SO + AUXILIARY + 😆.
MAIN IDEA
( OR )
→→→→→→→→→→→→→→→→→ AND +😆+ AUXILIARY + TOO.
MAIN IDEA
WHAT DO YOU THINK IF WE PRACTICE A LITTLE!
LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE
***ABRAHAM DRINKS A LOT AND HOMER DOES TOO
***ABRAHAM DRINKS A LOT AND SO DOES HOMER
NOW IT IS YOUR TURN, EXPRESS IN BOTH WAYS THE SENTENCE THAT SHARES THE SAME KIND OF ACTIVITIES, BE CAREFUL ABOUT THE EXAMPLES.
1.- MEN ARE FAITHFUL (WOMEN)
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2.- THE U.S.A. COMPETITORS WON MANY MEDALS IN THE LAST OLYMPIC GAMES ( RUSSIA )
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3.- YOU CAN GO BY BUS TO THAT ADDRESS ( I )
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4.- SHE WILL LIVE UNFORGETTABLE MOMENTS DURING HER PREGNANCY. (HER HUSBAND)
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5.- I SHOULD GET ON A STRICT DIET. ( YOU )
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GENERAL PRACTICE:
MAKE AN EXPRESS EXTRACT ABOUT TWO OF YOUR FAVORITE FAIRLY TALES OR MOVIES (FREE CHOICE), SETTING THE COINCIDENCE OF THE ACTIONS OR STORY USING THE ELEMENTS TOO AND SO.
TITLE:___________________________________________
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*** DON'T FORGET TO E-MAIL YOUR ADVANCES F THE EXERCISES TO YOUR TEACHER TO BE FEDBACK.***
THE ELEMENTS EITHER AND NEITHER
Either / or versus neither / nor
Either/or and neither/nor
1.Either / or - used in a sentence in the affirmative sense when referring to a choice between two possibilities
We can either eat now or after the show - it's up to you.
2. Neither / nor - used in a sentence in the negative sense when you want to say that two or more things are not true
Neither my mother nor my father went to university.
BUT ALSO WE HAVE THESE OTHER CASES:
BY DEFINITION: Either vs. Neither
"Either" and "neither" represent a pair of words frequently used in the English vocabulary. But these two can be used in so many different contexts that their meanings can become confusing. In addition, they are also used wrongly quite often, so everything becomes even more unclear.
Either vs. Neither
Primarily, "either" is a conjunction used to express a choice between two or more elements. In this sense, the word is usually used in the construction "either... or". We'll explain this better in the examples below. But at the same time, "either" can be used as a pronoun. It can express, again, a random choice between two or more elements, but it can also signify "both", depending on the context. In addition to these meanings, "either" can also be used in negative expressions, referring to an alternative that is also true.
If we are talking about "neither", this, just like "either", is also used in three different contexts. First, it is an adverb used in negative expressions, referring to an alternative that is also true. Then, as a pronoun, "neither" is the antonym for "either", referring to "not either" of two or more elements. Thirdly, as a conjunction, "neither" is generally used in the construction "neither...nor" and it refers to a negative fact that is true for two or more elements.
When do we use "either"?
Here are some examples so you can better understand in which cases and how you are supposed to use "either" correctly:
Example 1: I like eggs either boiled or fried. I would never eat an omelet, though. - "either" is a conjunction, expressing a choice between two different cooking styles.
Example 2: "Do you prefer green tea or black tea?" "Either will be fine, thank you!" - "either", in this context, is a pronoun referring to any of the alternatives.
Example 3: "There were beautiful posters on either margins of the wall." - also used as a pronoun, "either" refers to "both" margins of the wall.
Example 4: "I don't want to swim, and my husband doesn't either." - as an adverb, "either" is used in a negative expression, referring to a fact that is also true for somebody else.
When do we use "neither"?
Example 1: "My wife doesn't like swimming, neither do I." - as an adverb, "neither" refers to a negative fact, true for both people.
Example 2: "We were served two dishes, but neither was as tasty as we expected." - a pronoun expressing a negative fact about both the alternatives, used with the opposite sense of "either".
Example 3: "Neither I, nor my friends, enjoy your company." - "neither" can also be used as a conjunction and it refers to a negative aspect which is true for more people simultaneously.
Conclusion
"Either" and "neither" are both complex words, as they both have multiple meanings and can be used in different contexts. Yet, make sure you don't confuse them, as each carries a different signification. Simply remembering the examples above or checking them whenever you need to confirm that you are correct will be a great idea, though.
- NONTHELESS, ANOTHER DIFFERENT USE OF THESE ELEMENTS IS TO EXPRESS THE COINCIDENCE OF THE ACTIONS BUT IN ITS NEGATIVE FORM.
CHECK THE NEXT EXAMPLE:
LAURA DOESN'T HAVE ANY NEPHEWS AND TOMY DOESN'T EITHER
LAURA DOESN'T HAVE ANY NEPHEWS AND NEITHER DOES TOMY
LAURA NO TIENE NINGUN SOBRINO Y TOMY TAMPOCO
DID YOU SEE THE USE OF THE AUXILIARIES?
DID YOU NOTICE THE ORDER OF THE ELEMENTS ACCORDING TO THE USE OF EITHER OR NEITHER?
👀
→→→→→→→→→→→ AND + 😔 + AUXILIARY IN NEGATIVE + EITHER
MAIN INFO
(OR)
→→→→→→→→→→→ AND + NEITHER + AUXILIARY IN POSITIVE +😔
MAIN INFO
IN THIS WAY, WE SAY:
LOVE ISN'T COMPLICATED AND NEITHER IS HATE.
LOVE ISN'T COMPLICATED AND HATE ISN'T EITHER.
EL AMOR NO ES COMPLICADO Y EL ODIO TAMPOCO
THE LADY DIDN'T ASSIST THE SICK MAN AND THE PEOPLE DIDN'T EITHER
THE LADY DIDN'T ASSIST THE SICK MAN AND NEITHER DID THE PEOPLE
LA SEÑORITA NO AYUDÓ AL HOMBRE ENFERMO Y LA GENTE TAMPOCO
I WILL NOT TELL YOU A LIE TO GET OUT OF THIS MESS AND HE WON'T EITHER
I WON'T TELL YOU A LIE TO GET OUT OF THIS MESS AND NEITHER WILL HE
NO TE DIRÉ UNA MENTIRA PARA SALIR DE ÉSTE LÍO Y ÉL TAMPOCO.
B) THESE ELEMENTS JUST WORK IN NEGATIVE
EXERCISE: PLEASE FORM THE COMPLETE IDEAS USING BOTH WAYS TO EXPRESS THE SAME, EITHER AND NEITHER
1.- WARS HAVEN´T HELPED POOR PEOPLE AT ALL. ( GOVERNEMENTS )
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2.- LIZ TAYLOR WASN'T AN UGLY WOMAN ( SOFIA LOREN)
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3.- YOU DON´T KEEP YOUR STUFF IN ORDER ALL THE TIME ( YOUR BROTHER)
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