INTRODUCTION TO SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES
THE PREFIXES IM AND UN THE SUFFIXES ER, OR AND FUL
Prefixes are letters which we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different meaning. Prefixes can, for example, create a new word opposite in meaning to the word the prefix is attached to. They can also make a word negative or express relations of time, place or manner.
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word which makes a new word-
LINKS:
THE PREFIX "IM"
🔺 HERE YOU CAN FIND A LARGE LIST ABOUT WORDS THAT ARE AFFECTED WITH THIS PREFIX, PLEASE NOTICE HOW THE MEANING WITH THE PREFIX INCLUDED INVOLVES "LACK OF"
THE PREFIX "UN"
🔺 AS USUAL, WHEN YOU CLICK ON THE PREVIOUS LINK YOU HAVE THE ACCESS TO A FULL DOCUMENT ABOUT WORDS THAT USE THE PREFIX UN, WHICH INVOLVES THE MEANING OF "NO", "ABSENCE OF" OR "NEGATIVITY".
THE SUFFIXES ER/OR
🔺 IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, THESE SUFFIXES TRANSFORM THE BASE WORD INTO A VERB-NOUN WHICH YOU CAN USE ON SUBJECTS TALKING ABOUT PEOPLE AND ITEMS, PLACES, ANIMALS ETC.
REMEMBER THAT ALL DOCUMENTS ARE DOWNLOADABLE AND PRINTABLE FOR YOUR FACILITY.
THE PASSIVE VOICE
- WHEN THE ACTION IS ABSOLUTELY MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE DOER
AS WE USUALLY SPEAK IS CALLED THE ACTIVE VOICE, BECAUSE WE PAY MORE ATTENTION TO THE PERSON OR GROUP OF PEOPEL, ANIMAL, ETC THAT DEVELOP THE ACTION(S).
IN THE PASSIVE VOICE , THAT PART OF PAYING ATTENTION TO THE DOER DOESN'T HAPPEN AT ALL, IN FACT WE HAVE THE OPTION TO OMMIT THE SUBJECT WITHOUT ALTERING THE LOGIC OR SENSE OF THE IDEA.
TO EXPRESS IN PASSIVE VOICE IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THAT THE PASSIVE VOICE IS BASED ON THE VERB TO BE, BECAUSE THIS MARVELOUS VERB WORKS AS AN AUXILIRY TOO AND IT CAN BE USED IN ALL TENSES.
CHECK THE EQUIVALENCES IN THE CHART BELOW:
AS YOU CAN SEE, THE PASSIVE VOICE REQUIRES THE VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE FORM ALL THE TIME.
ONCE YU HAVE CHECKED THE CHART OF EQUIVALENCES I SUGGEST YOU TO CHECK THE NEXT INFO! REMEMBER TO CLICK ON THE LINK...
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THE PASSIVE VOICE DOCUMENT
NOW GO TO THE NEXT LINK TO DEVELOP THE NEXT ACTIVITY.
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SHAKESPEARE, JACK THE RIPPER AND LENNON READINGS
RESULT CLAUSES AND PURPOSE CLAUSES
CLAUSULAS DE PROPÓSITO Y DE RESULTADO
PURPOSE AND RESULT CLAUSES ARE KNOWN BECAUSE YOU LINK TWO IDEAS IN ONE SENTENCE. THE USUAL LINKER IS THE ELEMENT "SO", IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE WE ARE CONSIDERING SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WHICH DEPEND ON THE MAIN IDEA.
Clauses of Purpose and Result :
A subordinate clause may express purpose or result.Clauses of Purpose
1. These men died that we might live.
2. I will take care that you are not harmed.
3. John worked day and night that the plans might be ready in time.
4. We threw our ballast overboard, so that the airship might clear the treetops.
5. All our arrangements have been made with the utmost precision, in order that the ship may be launched promptly and without accident.Clauses of Result
1. He has recovered his strength, so that he can now work.
2. The town stood at the foot of the volcano, so that every building was destroyed.
3. Quentin started so suddenly that he almost dropped his weapon.
4. His rancor against the duke was so apparent that one saw it in the first half-hour’s conversation.
5. Their minds were so much embittered that they imputed to each other nothing less than deliberate villany.
6. You make such a noise that I cannot hear the music.Clauses of purpose may be introduced by the subordinate conjunction that or by a phrase containing it (so that, in order that, to the end that, etc.).Negative clauses of purpose may be introduced by that ... not or by lest.
1. Take heed lest thou fall.
2. I feared lest I might anger thee.—Shakespeare.Clauses of result may be introduced by the phrase so that, consisting of the adverb so and the subordinate conjunction that; or by that alone, especially when so, such, or some similar word stands in the main clause.
A clause of purpose or of result may be either an adverbial clause (as in § 403) or a substantive clause.
1. I intend that you shall be elected. [Object.]
2. My intention is that you shall be appointed. [Predicate nominative.]
3. The result is that he is bankrupt. [Predicate nominative.]
4. His exertions had this effect, that the vote was unanimous. [Appositive.]
A substantive clause of purpose is often used as the object of a verb of commanding, desiring, or the like.
1. The general ordered that the fort should be blown up.
2. The prisoner begged that his fetters might be struck off.
Purpose may be expressed by the infinitive with to or in order to, and result by the infinitive with to or as to.
1. He abandoned his profession to [or in order to] become a missionary. [Purpose.]
2. He was kind enough to help me. [Result. Compare: He was so kind that he helped me.]
3. He was so kind as to help me. [Result.]Negative result is often expressed by the adverb too and the infinitive.
1. Iron is too heavy to float. [Compare: Iron is so heavy that it does not float.]
Purpose may be expressed by an infinitive clause.
2. The teacher intended us to finish the book. [Compare: The teacher intended that we should finish the book.]
3. The foreman ordered the engine to be stopped. [Compare: The foreman ordered that the engine should be stopped.]
A subordinate clause may express purpose or result.Clauses of Purpose
1. These men died that we might live.
2. I will take care that you are not harmed.
3. John worked day and night that the plans might be ready in time.
4. We threw our ballast overboard, so that the airship might clear the treetops.
5. All our arrangements have been made with the utmost precision, in order that the ship may be launched promptly and without accident.Clauses of Result
1. He has recovered his strength, so that he can now work.
2. The town stood at the foot of the volcano, so that every building was destroyed.
3. Quentin started so suddenly that he almost dropped his weapon.
4. His rancor against the duke was so apparent that one saw it in the first half-hour’s conversation.
5. Their minds were so much embittered that they imputed to each other nothing less than deliberate villany.
6. You make such a noise that I cannot hear the music.Clauses of purpose may be introduced by the subordinate conjunction that or by a phrase containing it (so that, in order that, to the end that, etc.).Negative clauses of purpose may be introduced by that ... not or by lest.
1. Take heed lest thou fall.
2. I feared lest I might anger thee.—Shakespeare.Clauses of result may be introduced by the phrase so that, consisting of the adverb so and the subordinate conjunction that; or by that alone, especially when so, such, or some similar word stands in the main clause.
A clause of purpose or of result may be either an adverbial clause (as in § 403) or a substantive clause.
1. I intend that you shall be elected. [Object.]
2. My intention is that you shall be appointed. [Predicate nominative.]
3. The result is that he is bankrupt. [Predicate nominative.]
4. His exertions had this effect, that the vote was unanimous. [Appositive.]
A substantive clause of purpose is often used as the object of a verb of commanding, desiring, or the like.
1. The general ordered that the fort should be blown up.
2. The prisoner begged that his fetters might be struck off.
Purpose may be expressed by the infinitive with to or in order to, and result by the infinitive with to or as to.
1. He abandoned his profession to [or in order to] become a missionary. [Purpose.]
2. He was kind enough to help me. [Result. Compare: He was so kind that he helped me.]
3. He was so kind as to help me. [Result.]Negative result is often expressed by the adverb too and the infinitive.
1. Iron is too heavy to float. [Compare: Iron is so heavy that it does not float.]
Purpose may be expressed by an infinitive clause.
2. The teacher intended us to finish the book. [Compare: The teacher intended that we should finish the book.]
3. The foreman ordered the engine to be stopped. [Compare: The foreman ordered that the engine should be stopped.]
LET'S SEE IF IT RESULTS CLEARER FOR YOU TO CHECK THESE IMAGES.
NOW PRACTICE THE USE OF THE CLAUSES BY CLICKING ON THE NEXT LINK
DON'T FORGET THAT THE MORE VOCABULARY YOU CAN GET , THE BETTER YOU'LL FEEL AT LEARNING AND PRACTICING STRUCTURES, ALSO IT WILL MAKE IT EASIER FOR YOU TO UNDERSTAND.
BASED ON THE PREVIOUS COMMENT, HERE YOU HAVE A LIST OF CONNECTORS WHICH ARE VERY IMPORTANT FOR YOUR SPEAKING AND WRITING BECAUSE BY USING CONNECTORS YOU WILL BE ABLE TO LINK MORE IDEAS AND GIVE SENSE TO SENTENCES IN PARAGRAPHS TO EXPRESS SHORT OR LONG SPEECHES BUT LOGICALLY.
Contrast Connector List:
| However | Nevertheless |
| On the other hand | On the contrary |
| Even so | Notwithstanding |
| Though | Otherwise |
| At the same time | Alternatively |
| Instead | Nonetheless |
| Conversely | By contrast |
| In contrast | But |
| Yet | While |
| Whereas | Although |
| Even though | Despite / In spite of |
Addition Connector List:
Type of Connector | Connectors | Examples |
| Coordinating Conjunction | and |
High level positions are stressful at times, and they can be harmful to your health. In any case, there is a price to pay for success.
Peter decided to quite his job, and his friend agreed that it was an excellent decision.
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| Conjunctive adverbs | in addition, additionally, furthermore, moreover, also |
High level positions are stressful at times. Furthermore, they can be harmful to your health. Make sure you understand the risks before you accept the job.
We've completely redone our living room with hardwood floors. In addition, we've put in new windows to bring in more light.
He's an excellent tennis player. Also, he plays golf like a professional.
We need to hire some programmers. Additionally, we'll need to find someone to help out at the reception desk.
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| Correlative conjunctions | not only...but also |
Not only are high level positions stressful at times, but they also can be harmful to your health.
Peter decided to not only go back to university, but he also sold his car and house.
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| Prepositional phrases | in addition to, along with, as well as |
Along with being stressful, high level positions can also be harmful to your health.
In addition to the need for investment, our company needs to do more research into the latest science.
You'll find English grammar as well as pronunciation and listening skills can be challenging at times.
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GENERAL LINKERS AND CONNECTORS LIST
Linkers and connectors
LINKERS
Contrast
. In spite of / Despite Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.
. Although / (Even) though Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence.
. However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast. Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma.
. On the one hand ... On the other hand. Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.
. In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.
. Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas.
Reason and cause
. Because / As / Since / Seeing that Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final position.
. Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase.
Purpose
. In order to / So as to Introduce an infinitive of purpose.
. In order that / So that Introduce a sentence.
Consequence
. Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore
. As a consequence of / As a result of Followed by a noun phrase.
. So Introduces a sentence. No commas.
Addition
. Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma.
. As well as / In addition to / Besides Used to add one more piece of information. Followed by a noun phrase.
. Exemplification
For example / For instance Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas.
. Such as Introduces an example referring to the last idea.
CONNECTORS
Contrast
. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
‘The book is short but / yet interesting’
. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’
although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.
‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams’.
. however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:
‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’
. while, whereas
‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’
Reason and cause
. because, as since, seeing that:
‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home’
. because of, on account of, owing to, due to:
‘Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home’
. in order to, so as to, to:
‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes’
Add information
. for example, for instante, such as:
‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’
. more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to:
‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’
. apart from, except for:
‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.
Succession
. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….
- Second / Secondly / Then …
- Third / Thirdly / After that...
- The next stage …
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Result
. As a result of:
‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.
Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:
‘Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test’.
First parragraph At first sight: A primera vista First: En primer lugar First of all: Antes que nada In the first place: En primer lugar To start with: Para empezar Second parragraph In the second place: En segundo lugar Second: Segundo Secondly: En segundo lugar Third: Tercero Thirdly: En tercer lugar Conclusion Finally: Por último In conclusion: Para concluir Lastly: Por último And eventually: Y finalmente Adding information apart from: Aparte de in addition: Además in addition to: Además de What’s more: Además; lo que es más moreover: Además on top of that: Además besides: Además On the one hand: Por una parte On the other hand: Por otra parte and eventually: Y finalmente Contrast all the same: a pesar de todo however: sin embargo instead of: en vez de in spite of / despite: a pesar de nevertheless: no obstante on the contrary: por el contrario whereas / while: mientras though / although: aunque Reason because of + noun: a causa de due to + noun: debido a due to the fact that + sentence: debido a que for this / that reason: por esta / esa razón owing to + noun: debido a owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a que Result as a result: como resultado because of: a causa de consequently: en consecuencia so: por lo tanto that's why: por eso, por esa razón... therefore: por lo tanto Expressing facts actually: en realidad as a matter of fact: de hecho in fact: de hecho really: en realidad Expressing a personal opinion as far as I am concerned por lo que a mí respecta from my point of view desde mi punto de vista I agree estoy de acuerdo I disagree no estoy de acuerdo in my opinion en mi opinión in my view según lo veo I think that creo que it is true that es verdad que personally personalmente to be honest, para ser honesto to tell the truth, a decir verdad Explain
that is (to say): es decir
in other words: en otras palabras in short: en resumenabove all: sobre todo
all in all: en general
at least: al menos
basically: básicamente, fundamentalmente
especially: especialmente, sobre todo
essentially: esencialmente
in general: en general
in particular: en particular
more or less: más o menos
on the whole: en general
to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto
Exemplifying and so on: etcétera
for example: por ejemplo
for instance: por ejemplo
such: as tal(es)como
Summarizing all in all: en suma
in brief: en resumen
in conclusion: Para concluir
in short: en resumen
on the whole: en general
to sum up: Para resumir
Sequencing after that: después de eso
all of a sudden: de repente
Finally: Finalmente
First of all: En primer lugar
in the end: al final
in the meantime: mientras tanto
meanwhile: mientras tanto
next: luego
suddenly: de repente
then: entonces, después
while: mientras
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